Olfactory Responses of <em>Anastrepha obliqua</em> (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Volatiles Emitted by Calling Males
Abstract
The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), is considered one of the most important pests of mango (Mangifera indica L.) and hog plums (Spondias spp.) in Latin America. A better understanding of the role of chemical compounds during the sexual behavior of A. obliqua may be useful to improve the monitoring of this tephritid fruit fly pest. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the attraction of females and males to live calling males and to Super Q extracts of calling males; (2) to measure the female and males antennal responses to extracts from live calling males; (3) and to identify the compounds emitted by A. obliqua males during calling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Both sexes were attracted to live males and to male extracts. Extracts from males elicited significant antennal responses from both sexes compared to those evoked by the control. GCMS analyses of the volatile extracts showed that calling A. obliqua males consistently emitted 9 compounds, 6 of which are reported for the first time for this fruit fly species. Preliminary bioassays showed that females and males were attracted to (Z)-3-nonenol and (Z)-3-nonenol + β-farnesene. Further identification of the unknown compounds and their synthesis remain to be performed in order to evaluate their biological activity.La mosca de la fruta de las Indias Occidentales, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), se considera una de las plagas más importantes del mango (Mangifera indica L.) y jobo o jocote ( Spondias spp.) en América Latina. Un mejor conocimiento del papel que juegan los compuestos químicos durante el comportamiento sexual de A. obliqua puede ayudar a mejorar los sistemas de trampeo. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron evaluar la atracción de hembras y machos a volátiles emitidos por machos vivos y extractos colectados de machos vivos con filtro Super Q; evaluar la respuesta antenal (EAG) de hembras y machos a extractos colectados de machos vivos con filtro Super Q; e identificar los compuestos volátiles liberados por los machos. Las hembras y los machos fueron atraídos por los machos vivos y a extractos colectados de machos vivos con filtro Super Q. La respuesta medida con EAG mostró que ambos sexos tuvieron actividad antenal a extractos colectados de machos vivos con filtro Super Q. El análisis de los volátiles de machos mostró la presencia de nueve compuestos, de los cuales seis son nuevos para esta mosca de la fruta. Los bioensayos prelimares con los compuestos sintéticos disponibles permitieron demostrar que las hembras y los machos fueron atraídos al compuesto (Z)-3-nonenol y a la mezcla binaria constituida por (Z)-3-nonenol y β-farneseno. La identificación total y síntesis química de los compuestos desconocidos y conocidos que faltan debe ser realizada para evaluar su actividad biológica.
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