Growth Pattern Alterations in Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda, Larvae After Parasitization by Apanteles Marginiventris, Campoletis Grioti, Chelonus Insularis, and Eiphosoma Vitticole
Abstract
Parasitization of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), larvae by Apanteles marginiventris (Cresson), Campoletis grioti (Blanchard), Chelonus insularis Cresson, and Eiphosoma vitticole Cresson reduced maximum larval weights by 97, 96, 70, and 62%, respectively compared to 6th instar nonparasitized larvae. Parasitized larvae produced significantly less frass and had smaller head capsule widths. Parasitization increased the duration of the instar during which the parasite destroyed its host. Apanteles marginiventris and C. grioti destroyed host larvae in the 4th instar and larvae parasitized by E. vitticole died in the 5th instar. Eggs parasitized by C. insularis were destroyed as larvae in the 4th (41%) and 5th (59%) instars. Larvae parasitized by A. marginiventris gained the least amount of weight, produced the least amount of frass, had the shortest life expectancy, did not live past the 4th instar, and had the smallest head capsule widths.Downloads
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