Impact of host plant resistance on emergence, body parameters, and supercooling point of Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Coleoptera: Brentidae)
Abstract
Sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), an in-field and storage pest of sweetpotato, is the primary insect constraint to sweetpotato production in tropical and subtropical regions. Feeding by adult and larval sweetpotato weevil induces terpenes, rendering storage roots unmarketable. To reduce storage root damage and sweetpotato weevil populations, the present experiment tested the impact of sweetpotato cultivar on developmental time, adult emergence, body length, weight, and supercooling point of sweetpotato weevil. The cultivars tested were ‘Beauregard’ and ‘Evangeline,’ both orange fleshed cultivars susceptible to sweetpotato weevil, and ‘Murasaki,’ a white fleshed cultivar known to be resistant to sweetpotato weevil. There were no differences in developmental time with most adult sweetpotato weevils emerging 34 to 44 d after oviposition. However, the number of adult sweetpotato weevil that emerged from Beauregard (38.9 ± 3.3) and Evangeline (48.4 ± 6.2) roots were greater than numbers emerging from Murasaki (11.1 ± 3.5), indicating resistance is due to antixenosis. Although fewer in number, adults (male and female) emerging from Murasaki were heavier than males and females emerging from Beauregard and males from Evangeline. Supercooling points of sweetpotato weevil males emerging from Murasaki (−17.9 ± 0.4 °C) were significantly lower than Beauregard (−16.3 ± 0.5 °C) but similar to Evangeline (−17.1 ± 0.4 °C). Host plant resistance expressed by Murasaki may reduce sweetpotato weevil populations significantly, but those that emerge may be better suited to survive the cold.
Resumen
El gorgojo de la batata (el picudo del camote), Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), una plaga de campo y de almacenamiento de la batata, es el insecto principal que limita la producción de batata en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales. La alimentación de adultos y larvas del gorgojo de la batata induce terpenos, lo que hace que las raíces de almacenamiento no sean comercializables. Para reducir el daño de las raíces de almacenamiento y las poblaciones del gorgojo de la batata, el presente experimento evaluó el impacto de los cultivares de batata sobre el tiempo de desarrollo, la emergencia de adultos, la longitud corporal, el peso y el punto de sobre-enfriamiento del gorgojo de la batata. Los cultivares probados fueron “Beauregard” y “Evangeline,” ambos cultivares de pulpa anaranjada susceptibles al gorgojo de la batata, y “Murasaki,” que es considerada un cultivar de pulpa blanca resistente al gorgojo de la batata. No hubo diferencias en el tiempo de desarrollo con la mayoría de los gorgojos adultos emergiendo de 34 a 44 días después de la oviposición. Sin embargo, el número de adultos del gorgojo de la batata que emergió de las raíces de Beauregard (38,9 ± 3,3) y Evangeline (48,4 ± 6,2) fue mayor que el número que emergió de Murasaki (11,1 ± 3,5), lo que indica que la resistencia se debe a la antixenosis. Aunque menos en número, los adultos (machos y hembras) que emergen de Murasaki eran más pesados que los machos y hembras que emergen de Beauregard y los machos de Evangeline. Los puntos de sobre-enfriamiento de los machos del gorgojo de la batata que emergen de Murasaki (−17,9 ± 0,4 °C) fueron significativamente más bajos que los de Beauregard (−16,3 ± 0,5 °C) pero similares a los de Evangeline (−17,1 ± 0,4 °C). La resistencia de la planta hospedera expresada por Murasaki puede reducir significativamente las poblaciones del gorgojo de la batata, pero las que emergen pueden ser más adecuadas para sobrevivir al frío.
Key Words: sweetpotato weevil; Ipomoea batatas; antixenosis; insect morphology; cold hardiness; resistant host cultivar
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