Distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) mitotypes in commercial cotton fields in the Punjab province of Pakistan

Authors

  • Syed Hamid Jalal Shah Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
  • Jorge R Paredes-Montero School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
  • Amir Humayun Malik Center for Agriculture and Biology International (CABI), Opposite 1-A, Data Gunj Baksh Road, Satellite Town, Rawalpindi, Pakistan;
  • Judith K Brown School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
  • Javaria Qazi Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;

Abstract

The Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyroridae) sibling species group is comprised of genetic variants defined by biological differences or a fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequence (mitotype) that allows for phylogeographic affiliation. Some mitotypes may cause damage to crop plants by feeding and transmission of plant viruses. In Pakistan, cotton-vegetable agroecosystems are vulnerable to whitefly-transmitted virus (genus Begomovirus; family Geminiviridae) infection. The identity and distribution of the whitefly B. tabaci mitotypes associated with the cotton crop were studied in 8 districts in the Punjab Province from 2014 to 2016. Phylogenetic analysis of the 3ʹ-fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene indicated the predominant haplotypes belonged to the Asia II-1 mitotype, with pairwise distances ranging from 0.15 to 3.2%. Pairwise distances showed that B. tabaci haplotype diversity varied by district, with the Khanewal harboring the highest divergence at 1.37%, compared to the lowest at 0.50% in the Dera Ghazi Khan district. The median-joining network analysis showed genetic expansion, or a ‘recovery’ trend, following the declining genetic diversity that occurred during the late 1990s to the early 2000s. The Asia II-1 mitotype group was the predominant whitefly vector species in Punjab Province. The haplotype network provides documentation of continued genetic expansion among the B. tabaci populations in the Punjab, which is consistent with previously reported trends among whiteflies sampled in the same or nearby districts from 2012 to 2014. Genetic expansion varied among districts and could be explained by factors unique to each district, i.e., management practices that influence B. tabaci mitotype composition, whitefly susceptibility to cotton leaf curl disease complex, and cotton genotype

Key Words: haplotype; median-joining network analysis; mitochondria cytochrome oxidase I gene; phylogenetic analysis; population genetics

Resumen

El complejo de moscas blancas Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyroridae), comprende grupos genéticos cuya afiliación filo-geográfica puede ser determinada mediante una serie de rasgos biológicos o el uso de un fragmento del gen mitocondrial citocromo oxidasa I (mitotipo). Algunos mitotipos de B. tabaci pueden ocasionar daños económicos importantes en cultivos comerciales debido a su alimentación y a la transmisión efectiva de virus vegetales, por ejemplo, en Paquistán, los agro-ecosistemas de algodón son altamente vulnerables a virus transmitidos por moscas blancas (genero Begomovirus; familia Geminiviridae). En este artículo, se estudió la identidad y distribución geográfica de los principales mitotipos de B. tabaci que se encuentran infestando parcelas comerciales de algodón en 8 distritos de la provincia de Punjab, Paquistán, durante los años 2014-2016. Se determinó mediante un análisis filo-genético del fragmento 3 ʹ del gen citocromo oxidasa I, que el haplotipo más predominante perteneció al mitotipo Asia II-1, con distancias genéticas que variaron entre 0.15-3.2%. Se determinó que las distancias genéticas entre haplotipos varían por distrito geográfico, con la divergencia más alta de 1.37% en Khanewal, comparado con la divergencia más baja de 0.50% en el distrito Dera Ghazi Khan. Se demostró mediante un análisis de red de haplotipos, que la población de moscas blancas continúa en un proceso de expansión genética que varía por distrito, lo que coincide con un escenario de expansión demográfica reportada en poblaciones de mosca blanca colectadas en localidades similares durante el periodo 2012-2014. El patrón geográfico de expansión observado puede ser atribuido a factores únicos de cada distrito geográfico, por ejemplo: prácticas de manejo de plagas que alteren la composición mitotípica de la mosca blanca, eficiencia del vector para transmitir virus y genotipo de algodón sembrado.

Palabras Claves: haplotipo; red de haplotipos median-joining; gen mitocondrial citocromo oxidasa I; análisis filogenético; genética de poblaciones

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Published

2020-04-15

Issue

Vol. 103, No. 1 (March 2020)

Section

Research Papers

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