Biological and reproductive parameters of Tribolium castaneum in Brazil nut
Keywords:
red flour beetle, Bertholletia excelsa, food substrate, survival, stored product pestsAbstract
Brazil nut is used widely in the food industry because the nutritional content of this commodity contains a variety of lipids, proteins, and essential minerals, as well as vitamin A which is used in the cosmetic industry. Agricultural products such as grains, seeds, and nuts often are adversely affected by numerous organisms, including Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), that cause significant losses during storage. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the biological and reproductive parameters of T. castaneum on Brazil nut. Pre-oviposition, egg incubation, and oviposition lasted an average of 7.4, 4.2, and 28.4 d, respectively, with 79.4% egg viability. Oviposition began on the seventh d after mating and the last occurrence of laying was on the 46th d. An average of 1.2 eggs per d per female was produced during the first 20 d. The mean number of eggs per female produced during a lifetime was 28.9. The larval stage exhibited 8 instars during a period of about 86 d. The pupal stage averaged 6.5 d and the adult stage 40.8 d. Survival rate was 44.7% on d 40 and 22.7% on d 60 after adult emergence.
Resumo
A castanha-do-brasil é amplamente utilizada nas indústrias alimentícia devido ao seu valor nutricional dessa “commodity” conter uma variedade de lipídeos, as proteínas e os minerais essenciais, tanto quanto a presença da vitamina A usada na indústria cosmética. Produtos agrícolas tais como, os grãos, as sementes e as castanhas são afetados por muitos organismos, incluindo Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) que causam perdas durante o armazenamento. Desta forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi investigar os parâmetros biológicos e reprodutivos de T. castaneum alimentados com castanha-do-brasil. A pré-oviposição, a incubação dos ovos e a última postura em média foi de 7,4; 4,2 e 28,4 d, respectivamente, com viabilidade de 79,4% dos ovos. A oviposição iniciou no sétimo d após o acasalamento e a última ocorrência de postura foi no 46º d. Uma media de 1,2 ovos por d por fêmea foi produzido durante dos 20 primeiros d. A média do número de ovos por fêmea foi 28,9. O estágio larval apresentou oito ínstares com duração de 86 d. O estágio pupal durou 6,5 d e a fase adulta 40,8 d. A taxa de sobrevivência foi de 44,7% no d 40 e 22,7% no d 60, após a emergência do adulto.
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- Fig. 1. Morphology of the terminal abdomen region of the pupae of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) observed ventrally. Presence of two protrusions characterize females (A) and absence males (B).
- Fig. 2. (A) Egg of Tribolium castaneum on the surface of Brazil nut. (B). Detail of the egg of Tribolium castaneum.
- Fig. 3. Oviposition data of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) fed with Brazil nut.
- Fig. 4. Survival of adults of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) fed Brazil nut.
- Tab. 1. Biological parameters of the Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in brazil nuts
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