A bucket-type emergence trap for detecting overwintered Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and its parasitoids in cranberry
Keywords:
integrated pest management, small fruit crop, population dynamics, biological controlAbstract
An emergence trap was developed to test the hypothesis that Dasineura oxycoccana Johnson (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) adults in cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (Ericaceae), emerge from overwintering as larvae in soil throughout the spring and summer. The trap was constructed from 2 white plastic cylinders made from buckets, with the inner bucket telescoping into the support bucket. A mesh lid allowed penetration of rain and irrigation water. Wire support pegs and a skirt of landscape cloth anchored the trap to soil to prevent escape of target insects and ingress of others without damaging the mat of woody cranberry vines. Overwintered cranberry tipworms and their parasitoids were trapped on a yellow sticky card suspended inside the emergence trap. In the first year of testing, the trap detected overwintered tipworms every wk from early May to mid Aug, and overwintered parasitoids of 4 genera most wk from late May to mid Aug. It is probable that overwintered insects inside the traps emerged slightly ahead of those outside because temperatures inside traps were warmer than outside. We found that overwintered cranberry tipworms, and their parasitoids, emerge and add to the field population throughout the growing season in British Columbia, Canada.
Sumario
Se desarrolló una trampa de emergencia para probar la hipótesis de que los adultos Dasineura oxycoccana Johnson (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) en el arándano rojo, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (Ericaceae), emergen de invernar como larvas en del suelo durante la primavera y el verano. Se construyó la trampa de 2 cilindros de plástico blanco hechos de cubos, con la parte superior del cubo interior abriendo hacia adentro del cubo de soporte. Una tapa de malla permitió la penetración de la lluvia y el agua de riego. Se usaron clavijas de alambre y una tela de campo para anclar la trampa al suelo para evitar el escape de los insectos objetivo y la entrada de otros sin dañar la mata de vides de arándanos leñosos. Se atraparon larvas de las puntas de arándano que invernaron y sus parasitoides en una tarjeta pegajosa amarilla suspendida dentro de la trampa de emergencia. En el primer año de pruebas, la trampa detectó larvas de las puntas cada semana, desde el principio de mayo hasta el medio de agosto y 4 géneros de parasitoides que invernaron la mayoría de las semanas desde el final de mayo hasta el medio de agosto. Es probable que los insectos que invernaron dentro de las trampas emergieran un poco antes de los que estaban afuera porque las temperaturas dentro de las trampas eran más cálidas que en el exterior. Descubrimos que larvas de las puntas de arándano que invernaron y sus parasitoides emergen y se agregan a la población de campo a lo largo de la temporada de crecimiento en Columbia Británica, Canadá.
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