Vol. 2025 No. 6

Vol. 2025 No. 6

Published October 30, 2025
New and updated publications, 2025

New and Revised articles published by UF/IFAS Extension on the Ask IFAS website in November and December, 2025.

Accessibility Summary:

In accordance with Title II regulations this content meets all points of exemption as Archived web content and/or Preexisting conventional electronic documents.

EDIS Cover. Volume 2025. Number 6. Jackfruit image.

Citrus REC

Emma Dawson, Davie M. Kadyampakeni, Ramdas Kanissery, Tara Wade, Sarah L. Strauss
Cover Crops for Florida Citrus: Practical Considerations and Their Impact on Soil Microbes: SL534/SS749, 9/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-SS749-2025
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Fariborz Habibi, Ali Sarkhosh, Mark A. Ritenour, Jeffrey K. Brecht
Postharvest Physiological Disorders of Blood Orange Fruit: HS1501, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-HS1501-2025
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Fariborz Habibi, Ali Sarkhosh, Frederick G. Gmitter, Jeffrey K. Brecht
Blood Oranges in Florida: Facts, Challenges, and Considerations: HS1500, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-HS1500-2025
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Gulf Coast REC

Liyike Ji, Xu Wang, Wael Elwakil
Selected UAV Options for Agricultural Imaging and Mapping Applications under Florida’s UAS Regulations: AE613, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-AE613-2025
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Namrata Dutt, Daeun Choi
How AI Can Analyze Images: An Introductory Case Study Using Mushroom Detection: AE614, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-AE614-2025
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Mary G. Lusk, Tanya Charan
Up in the Air and Down in the Water: Connections Between Air and Water Quality in Florida’s Tampa Bay: SL536/SS751, 10/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-SS751-2025
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Shawn Steed, Wael Elwakil; Marissa Cassaway (Contributor); Gary Vallad
Foliar Leaf Spots of Viburnum during Nursery Production in Florida: Research and Fungicide Efficacies: ENH1398/EP663, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-EP663-2025
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4-H Youth Development

Candi Dierenfield; Jessica Emerson, Stacey Ellison, Shreemoyee Ghosh, David Hafner, Karen Henry, Shannon Horrillo, Katie Jones, Dallas Meringolo, Amber Norris, Melinda Souers, Jessica Sprain, Abbey Tharpe (Revision Author); Janet Waters, Matthew Olson, Sophia Andrews
UF/IFAS Extension Florida 4-H Youth Protection Policy: 4H444, rev. 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-4h444-2023
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Dale Pracht, Paula Davis; Janet Psikogios, Marilyn N. Norman, Kate Fogarty, Jean Hink (Former Author); Candi Dierenfield, Amber Norris, Janet Waters, Erin Brewer (Revision Author)
Risk Management for UF/IFAS Extension and Florida 4-H Youth Development Work: Transportation: 4HFSV90.8/4H298, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-4H298-2025
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Paula Davis, Dale Pracht; Janet Psikogios (Former Author); Kate Fogarty, Jean Hink, Marilyn N. Norman; Candi Dierenfield (Revision Author)
Risk Management for Florida 4-H Youth Development Work: Volunteer and Youth Protection : 4HFSV90.11/4H393, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-4h393-2024
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Agricultural and Biological Engineering

Wenhao Liu, Yiannis Ampatzidis
Agricultural Applications of Spraying Drones: AE611, 10/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-AE611-2025
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Akshara Athelly, Sandra M. Guzmán, Yvette Goodiel, Yilin Zhuang
Cost-Share Programs for Soil Moisture Sensors and Irrigation Projects in Florida: A Guide for Agricultural Growers: AE612, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-AE612-2025
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Agricultural Education and Communication

Christy Chiarelli, Anne Parrish
The Use of Reflection as an Effective Leadership Practice: An Overview of Two Reflection Models: AEC831/WC493, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-WC493-2025
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John Diaz, Ysabel Polanco
Engaging Stakeholders and Identifying Issues in Participatory Action Research: AEC829/WC491, 10/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-WC491-2025
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Sofia Chianella, Pablo Lamino
Intercultural Competencies: Understanding Cultural Relativism: AEC830/WC492, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-WC492-2025
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John Diaz, Ysabel Polanco
Co-Design for Participatory Action Research in Agriculture: A Practical Guide for Extension: AEC832/WC494, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-WC494-2025
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Agronomy

Amandeep Sharma, Simranjot Kaur, Hardev Sandhu
Energycane Cultivar Descriptive Fact Sheet: UFCP 74-1010: SS-AGR-498/SC113, 10/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-SC113-2025
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Olive Stewart, Satinderpal Singh, Hardeep Singh, Ethan Carter, Keith Wynn
Managing Vine Growth in Peanuts: When to Use Plant Growth Regulators: SS-AGR-495/AG492, 9/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-AG492-2025
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Niguss Solomon Hailegnaw, Guodong Liu, Yuncong Li
Understanding Fertilizers and Soil Amendments: SS-AGR-497/AG494, 10/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-AG494-2025
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Pesticide Information

Erin E. Harlow, Luke B. Harlow, Susan Haddock, Brett Bultemeier
Finding the Correct Pesticide Applicator License in Florida: PI292, Rev.11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-pi292-2021
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Animal Sciences

Isabell L. Revere, Colleen Larson, Ricky W. Telg, Benjamin D. Anderson, Cynthia B. Sanders
Biosecurity Plan Template for Livestock Exhibitions: AN404, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-AN404-2025
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Entomology and Nematology

Tennyson B. Nkhoma, De-Fen Mou
Common Insect Pests of Lettuce in Florida: ENY2129/IN1458, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-IN1458-2025
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Miranda J. Tressler, Eva A. Buckner
An Overview of Integrated Mosquito Management Performed by Mosquito Control Programs in Florida: ENY2131/IN1460, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-IN1460-2025
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James C. Fulton, Kiley J. Epperson, James D. Ellis
Common Viruses of Florida Honey Bees: Diagnosis and Management: ENY2130/IN1459, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-IN1459-2025
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Francesca Michelini, Devan Rawn, Cameron Jack
The Basics of Queen Management in Beekeeping Operations: ENY2128/IN1457, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-IN1457-2025
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Horticultural Sciences (Environmental Horticulture)

Alex J. Lindsey, Natasha Restuccia, J. Bryan Unruh, Kevin E. Kenworthy
Florida Sod Inventory and Pricing Report—2025 : ENH1394/EP658, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-EP658-2025
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Jesse Crawford, Ollie Montgomery, Marjorie Shropshire, Vincent Encomio, Savanna Barry, Laura K. Reynolds, Christine Rohal, Xiao Yu, Ashley McDonald, Holly Abeels, Annie Roddenberry, Carrie Reinhardt Adams
Steps to Connecting Floridians to Living Shorelines: ENH1393/EP657, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-EP657-2025
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Amanda S. Marek, Mark T. Bailey, Gail Hansen
Edible Ornamental Landscaping Guide for North-Central Florida: ENH1354/EP618, rev. 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-EP618-2025
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Manuel Gastelbondo, Xingbo Wu, Pamela Moon; Alejandra Taco (Translator)
Producción natural del extracto de vainilla : ENH1392s/EP661, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-EP661-2025
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Manuel Gastelbondo, Xingbo Wu, Pamela A. Moon
Natural Vanilla Extract Production: ENH1392/EP656, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-EP656-2025
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Stephen H. Brown, Philip F. Harmon, Sheryl van der Heiden, Ryan Czaplewski, Ralph Mitchell , David Outerbridge
Anthracnose Disease of Landscape Plants: ENH1395/EP659, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-EP659-2025
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Elise Schuchman (Former Author); Sandra B. Wilson; Judith A. Gersony (Former Author); Janice C. Broda
Recommended Native Landscape Plants for Florida’s Treasure Coast: ENH1082/EP348, rev. 8/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-ep348-2013
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Family, Youth and Community Sciences

Isabella Alobele, Lori Johnson, Hillary MacMichael, Amy Mullins, Ava Theng, Madison Gindea, Ryan Perez, Tatiana Tchuisse, Yvette Vork, Melissa J. Vilaro
A Taste of Culture: Evidence-based Health Benefits of Cooking with Herbs and Spices: FCS3413/FY1556, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-FY1556-2025
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Food and Resource Economics

Tara Wade, Shourish Chakravarty, Sarah L. Strauss
Costs of Using Cover Crops in Citrus Production, 2022–23: FE1168, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-FE1168-2025
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Younghyeon Jeon, Hayk Khachatryan, Xuan Wei, Doug Phillips
Consumer Preferences for Florida-Grown Blueberries Part 1: Florida Fresh Blueberry Consumer Behavior—Insights on Shopping Locations, Frequency, and Spending : FE1169, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-FE1169-2025
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Candace Lantz, Nathan Palardy, Derek Farnsworth, Alena Poulin
Agricultural Conservation Easement Programs: A Quick Reference Guide: FE1170, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-FE1170-2025
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Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
2
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Private Regulation: FE598, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe598-2021
PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
2
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Florida Department of Health: FE597, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe597-2021
PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
4
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: State Groundwater Discharge Regulations: FE601, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe601-2021
PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
2
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Florida Right-to-Farm Act: FE599, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe599-2021
PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
2
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission: FE595, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe595-2021
PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
3
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Florida Water Management Districts: FE594, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe594-2021
PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
2
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Florida Department of Environmental Protection: FE593, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe593-2021
View on Ask IFAS PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa; Weizhe Weng (Revision Author); Sean Olevnik
4
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Protection and Management of Endangered Species: FE592, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe592-2021
PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
4
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Northern Everglades and Estuaries Protection Program: FE610, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe610-2021
PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
3
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Toxic Substances Control Act and the Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act: FE591, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe591-2021
PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
3
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Appendix: FE615, rev. 8/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe615-2021
PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
3
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Florida Pesticide Law: FE590, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe590-2021
PDF 2025 View on Ask IFAS
Michael T. Olexa; Weizhe Weng, Sean Olevnik (Revision Author)
2
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Safe Drinking Water Act: FE587, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe587-2021
PDF-2025
Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik, Michael T. Olexa
4
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act: FE588, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe588-2021
View on Ask IFAS PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
4
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act [Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act]: FE586, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe586-2021
PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
4
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Florida Pollutant Discharge Prevention and Control Act: FE585, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe585-2021
PDF 2025
Michael T. Olexa; Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik (Revision Author)
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Introduction: FE580, rev. 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe580-2021
view on Ask IFAS PDF-2025
Michael T. Olexa, Weizhe Weng, Sean M. Olevnik
2
2025 Handbook of Florida Water Regulation: Food Quality Protection Act: FE589, rev. 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe589-2021
View on Ask IFAS PDF 2025

Food Science and Human Nutrition

Fidela Gjondrekaj, Wendy J. Dahl
Fermented Foods: Olives: FSHN25-7/FS469, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-FS469-2025
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Sammantha Dicker, Razieh Sadat Mirmahdi, Naim Montazeri
Cook It Right: A Guide to Safeguard Your Food Through Proper Cooking: FSHN25-9/FS471, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-FS471-2025
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Horticultural Sciences

Germán Sandoya, Makou Lin, Jeongim Kim, Steven Sargent; E. Vanessa Vassilaros (Translator)
Escarolas y endivias: hortalizas nutritivas con alto potencial para Florida: HS1489s/HS1513, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-HS1513-2025
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Jonathan H. Crane; Laura Vasquez, Veronica Charpentier (Translator)
Cultivando pejibaye en el patio de su hogar en Florida: HS1072s/HS1508, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-HS1508-2025
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Jonathan H. Crane, Carlos F. Balerdi, Gene Joyner; Laura Vasquez, Veronica Charpentier (Translator)
Cultivando café en el jardín de su hogar en Florida: HS1056s/HS1506, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-HS1506-2025
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Jonathan H. Crane; Carlos F. Balerdi (Former Author); Laura Vasquez, Veronica Charpentier (Translator)
Cultivando zapote negro en el jardín de su hogar en Florida: HS1055s/HS1511, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-HS1511-2025
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Jonathan H. Crane; Carlos F. Balerdi, Ian Maguire (Former Author); Laura Vasquez, Veronica Charpentier (Translator)
Cultivando atemoya en el jardín de su hogar en Florida: HS64s/HS1502, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-HS1502-2025
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Md Jahidul Islam Shohag, Qiansheng Li; Yuncong Li, Qingren Wang (Contributor); Guodong Liu
Grower’s Guide to Identifying and Correcting Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Deficiencies in Luffa Production: HS1503, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-HS1503-2025
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Jonathan H. Crane, Carlos F. Balerdi; Laura Vasquez, Veronica Charpentier (Translator)
Cultivando pitaya (fruta del dragón) en el jardín de su hogar en Florida: HS1068s/HS1509, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-HS1509-2025
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Fariborz Habibi, Ali Sarkhosh, Jeffrey K. Brecht
Muscadine Grape: Postharvest Physiology and Handling Practices: HS1504, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-HS1504-2025
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Jonathan H. Crane; Carlos F. Balerdi (Former Author); Laura Vasquez, Veronica Charpentier (Translator)
Cultivando caimito en el jardín de su hogar en Florida: HS1050s/HS1507, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-HS1507-2025
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Jonathan H. Crane, Carlos F. Balerdi; Gene Joyner (Former Author); Laura Vasquez, Veronica Charpentier (Translator)
Cultivando cacao en el jardín de su hogar en Florida: HS1057s/HS1505, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-HS1505-2025
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Jonathan H. Crane; Carlos Balerdi (Former Author); Laura Vasquez, Veronica Charpentier (Translator)
Cultivando té en el jardín de su hogar en Florida: HS1058s/HS1510, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-HS1510-2025
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Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences

Alexander J. Reisinger, Andrea Albertin, Eban Bean, Ashley Smyth, P. Christopher Wilson
Water Quality Notes: What are concentrations and loads, and why do they matter? SL532/SS747, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-SS747-2025
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Golmar Golmohammadi, Seyed Mostafa Biazar, Maxwell Naah
Desalination Systems and Their Environmental Impacts: SL531/SS746, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-SS746-2025
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Gabriela Reyes, Ashley Smyth, Laura Reynolds, Ana Zangroniz
¿Qué son los manglares urbanos? SL493-Span/SS753, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-SS753-2025
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Golmar Golmohammadi, Seyed Mostafa Biazar, Rohith Reddy Nedhunuri, Nikolaos Tziolas
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Water Resources Forecasting: SL537/SS752, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-SS752-2025
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Noel Manirakiza, Suraj Melkani, Xue Bai, Yang Lin, Jehangir H. Bhadha
Four Conservation Agricultural Practices to Manage Organic Soil Loss: SL535/SS750, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-SS750-2025
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Veterinary Medicine

Aakilah S. Hernandez, Carissa Wickens, Samantha Brooks
Managing Heat Stress in Horses: VM278, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-VM278-2025
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Wildlife Ecology and Conservation

Brandon McDonald, Mark Mauldin, Kalyn Waters, Andrew Fanning, Jon Creamer, Marcus Lashley, Carolina Baruzzi
Dove Fields in Florida (2025): WEC225/UW265, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-UW265-2025
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Martin Main; Hance Ellington, Mark Hostetler, Steven Johnson (Contributor)
Commonly Asked Questions About Coyotes in Florida: WEC478/UW547, 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-UW547-2025
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Historical Fact Sheets

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom A. Wichman, Claire Lewis (Revision Author); Gail Hansen, Ryan W. Klein
Acalypha hispida: Chenille Plant: FPS004/FP004, 7rev. 12/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-FP004-1999
view on Ask IFAS PDF-2025
Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber , Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, Ryan Klein
Alpinia zerumbet 'Variegata': Variegated Shell Ginger, Variegated Shellflower: FPS036/FP036, 11/2025
https://doi.org/10.32473/EDIS-FP036-1999
PDF 2025