Abstract
This document provides an overview of Protura, minute soil-inhabiting hexapods characterized by the lack of eyes and antennae, and a 12-segmented abdomen. It details their distribution, morphology, and life history, highlighting their unique development by anamorphosis. Protura are found worldwide in soil, leaf litter, and decaying wood. The article also discusses their collection methods and taxonomic classification, noting that Protura are now considered an order within the class Entognatha. The document emphasizes the need for further research to better understand their ecology and biology. Original publication date July 1998.
Accessibility Summary:
In accordance with Title II regulations this content meets all points of exemption as Archived web content and/or Preexisting conventional electronic documents.
References
Berlese, A. 1907. "Monografia dei Myrientomata." Redia 6: 1–82.
Copeland, T. P. 1964. "New species of Protura from Tennessee." Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 39: 17–29.
Copeland, T. P., and G. Imadate. 1990. In Soil Biology Guide. D. L. Dindall (ed.). New York, NY: Wiley Press. Chapter 29, 911–933.
Ewing, H. E. 1940. "The Protura of North America." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 33: 495–551.
Jenkins, W. R. 1964. "A rapid centrification-flotation technique for separating nematodes from the soil." Plant Distribution Report 48:692.
Nosek, J. 1973. The European Protura. Mus. D'Hist. Naturelle, Geneva 345 pp.
Tipping C. 2008. Proturans (Protura). pp. 3062-3064. In Encyclopedia of Entomology, Vol. 3, Capinera JL (editor). Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Tipping, C. and R. T. Allen. 1994. "Description of two new species of Eosentomon from the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas (Protura: Eosentomidae)." Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 67: 253–266.
Tipping, C. and R. T. Allen. 1995. "Description of two new species of Eosentomon with a key to the species with the 6/4 setal pattern on sterna IX/X (Protura: Eosentomidae)." Journal of the New York Entomological Society 103: 287–301.
Tuxen, S. L. 1964. The Protura. Paris: Herman. 360 pp.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2010 UF/IFAS
