Keywords
ketosis
sheep
goat
metabolic diseases
Categories
How to Cite
Abstract
This article is meant to provide producers with a general overview of pregnancy toxemia, or ketosis, in small ruminants. Written by Kari Hancock, Martha Mallicote, Sally DeNotta, and Brittany N. Diehl, and published by the UF College of Veterinary Medicine, UF/IFAS Extension, August 2025.
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In accordance with Title II regulations this content meets all points of exemption as Archived web content and/or Preexisting conventional electronic documents.
References
Campbell, A., L. Pearson, and A. Tibary. 2015. “Pregnancy Toxemia in Small Ruminants: A Review.” Clinical Theriogenology 7(4): 407–418.
Fthenakis, G. 2022. “Pregnancy Toxemia in Sheep and Goats.” In Merck Veterinary Manual: Professional Version. Rahway, NJ: Merck & Co.
Mongini, A., and R. J. Van Saun. 2023. “Pregnancy Toxemia in Sheep and Goats.” Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 39(2): 275–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.02.010
Rook, J. S. 2000. “Pregnancy Toxemia of Ewes, Does, and Beef Cows.” Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 16(2): 293–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30107-9
Smith, B. P., D. C. Van Metre, and N. Pusterla. 2020. Large Animal Internal Medicine. Sixth Edition. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
Weaver, L. F., M. J. Boileau, L. L. Gilliam, and J. D. Taylor. 2021. “Characterization of Short- and Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality of Goat Kids Born to Does with Pregnancy Toxemia.” Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 35(2): 1155–1163. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16069
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