Keywords
hemp
Cannabis sativa
How to Cite
Abstract
The purpose of this document is to provide an identification guide for Cannabis sativa to be used by growers and land managers by showing key factors to distinguish it from similar-looking plants. The general public and aspiring botanists may also use this document to see how a plant is defined botanically and how those characteristics can distinguish a plant of interest from other look-alike plants. Written by Cliff G. Martin and Zachary T. Brym, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, March 2024.
References
Dressler, S., M. Schmidt, and G. Zizka. 2024. “African Plants - A Photo Guide.” Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. Accessed March 4, 2024. www.africanplants.senckenberg.de
Franck, A., K. Perkins, S. Haas, and P. Caplan. 2023. “Florida Museum Herbarium Collection.” Gainesville: University of Florida, FLMNH. Accessed August 30, 2023. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/herbarium/cat/catsearch.htm
Kaur, N. G., L. K. Sharma, C. Kelly-Begazo, M. Tancig, and Z. T. Brym. 2021. "Uses of Raw Products Obtained from Hemp: Fiber, Seed, and Cannabinoids: SS-AGR-458/AG459, 9/2021." EDIS 2021 (5). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-AG459-2021
Kew Royal Botanic Gardens. 2023. "Plants of the World Online (POWO)." Accessed August 30, 2023. https://powo.science.kew.org//taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77163286-1
Khartasia. 2023. Khartasia Paper Co., University of Paris, France. Accessed August 30, 2023. https://khartasia-crcc.mnhn.fr/fr/content_fr/hibiscus-cannabinus-l
Koeser, A. K., G. Hasing, M. G. Andreu, and M. H. Friedman. 2018. "How to Use a Dichotomous Key: A Tutorial Featuring 10 Common Shade Trees of the Tampa Bay Area." ENH1249. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep510
Tancig, M., C. Kelly-Begazo, N. G. Kaur, L. K. Sharma, and Z. T. Brym. 2021. "Industrial Hemp in the United States: Definition and History: SS-AGR-457/AG458, 9/2021." EDIS 2021 (5). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-AG458-2021
UF/IFAS. 2023. "Assessment of Non-Native Plants." https://assessment.ifas.ufl.edu/assessments
Verdcourt, B. 1975. Flora of Tropical East Africa: Cannabaceae.
Williams, N. H., and M. S. Frank. 2021. "Request for Plant Identification." RFSR024. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/sr024
Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2011. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida, Third Edition. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2023. “Plantatlas,” or “Atlas of Florida Plants.” [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Tampa: Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida.
Herbarium specimens: http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Specimen.aspx;
Photos: http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/browse/photos
Image Credits
Fig. 1a. Cannabis sativa (photo), male flowers (Tamara Serrano)
Fig. 1b. Cannabis sativa (photo), female flowers (Cliff G. Martin)
Fig. 1c. Cannabis sativa (photo), 9-lobed leaf (Taylor Jones)
Dressler, S., M. Schmidt, and G. Zizka. 2024. “Africanplants” or “African plants - A Photo Guide.” Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Fig. 2c. Hibiscus sabdariffa (photo), pink-flowered plant. Claude Boucher Chisale, www.africanplants.senckenberg.de/root/index.php?page_id=78&id=818#image=76411. Accessed March 4, 2024.
Fig. 3b. Distimake aegyptius (photo). Sylvain Piry, http://www.africanplants.senckenberg.de/root/index.php?page_id=78&id=1083#image=84175. Accessed March 4, 2024.
Franck, A., K. Perkins, S. Haas, and P. Caplan (application development). 2023. University of Florida Herbarium Collections Catalog (UF Herbarium, FLMNH), University of Florida, Gainesville. Accessed August 30, 2023. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/herbarium/cat/catsearch.htm
Fig. 2d. Hibiscus sabdariffa (Herbarium specimen), #41875.
Kew Royal Botanic Gardens. 2023. “Plants of the World Online (POWO).”
Fig. 4b. Distimake quinquefolius (photo). https://powo.science.kew.org//taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77163286-1
, Rafaël Govaerts, Kew Royal Botanic Gardens. Accessed August 30, 2023. Isla Santa Cruz, Galápagos. November 15, 2017. Not Kew Copyright. Only licensed for display purposes in POWO.
Khartasia. 2023. Khartasia Paper Co., University of Paris, France.
Fig. 2a. Hibiscus cannabinus (photo). Accessed August 30, 2023. https://khartasia-crcc.mnhn.fr/fr/content_fr/hibiscus-cannabinus-l
Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. 2023. “Atlas of Florida Plants.” [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.
Herbarium specimens: http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Specimen.aspx
Photos: http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/browse/photos
Accessed August 31, 2023.
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