Puppetry in Prison: An Innovative Creative Approach to Correctional Education

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33009/fsop_ijci140357

Keywords:

puppetry, arts in prisons, action research, psychosocial empowerment, social reintegration

Abstract

Art in prisons is internationally recognised as a key factor in the personal development and social reintegration of incarcerated individuals. Puppetry, though rarely implemented in correctional settings, emerges as a highly productive practice that functions as a medium for expression and psychosocial empowerment. This study presents an innovative fifteen-week puppetry intervention conducted in a Greek prison, involving eighteen male inmates aged between 22 and 58. The methodology was grounded in action research and employed qualitative data collection methods. Findings indicate that puppetry created a safe and creative environment that fostered collaboration, self-awareness, and empowerment. The final performance, attended by the participants’ children, served as a powerful moment of social connection and affirmation. Participants described the experience as liberating, offering a sense of escape from the constraints of prison life. The study highlights puppetry as a valuable educational tool for promoting personal growth and supporting pathways to social reintegration.

Author Biographies

Aikaterini Dima, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Aikaterini Dima, PhD, is a postdoctoral researcher at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, whose work focuses on drama in education, prison education, critical thinking, and artificial intelligence in creative learning.

Elpida Stratou, University of West Attica

Elpida Stratou is an occupational therapist and PhD candidate at the University of West Attica, focusing on psychosocial rehabilitation, cognitive functioning, and quality of life in mental health care.

References

Abu-Ras, W., Al-Kubaisi, A., Babiker Idris, L., & Aboul-Enein, B. H. (2025). The role of puppetry in mental health promotion: A scoping review of its efficacy and applications. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 92, 102251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2025.102251

Balfour, M. (2004). Theatre in prison: Theory and practice. Intellect Books.

Barone, T., & Eisner, E. W. (2012). Arts based research. Sage.

Bernier, M., & O’Hare, J. (2005). Puppetry in education and therapy: Unlocking doors to the mind and heart. Authorhouse.

Bhattacharya, K. (2021). Embedding critical, creative, and contemplative data analysis in interview studies. In C. Vanover, P. Mihas & J. Saldaña (Eds), Analyzing and Interpreting Qualitative Research: After the Interview (pp. 371–­389). Sage.

Clarke, V. & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 297–­298.

Conway, P. F. (2023). Education changes a person: Exploring student development in a college-­in-­prison program through critical andragogy. Teaching in Higher Education, 29(8), 2008–­ 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2023.2172568

Costelloe, A., & Warner, K. (2014). Prison education across Europe: Policy, practice, politics. London Review of Education, 12 (2), 175– 183.

Dima, A., & Michael, V. (2020). Redefinition of professional direction and emergence of career interests through Drama in Education techniques in groups of inmates. Education & Theatre, (21), 60–­67.

Hazou, R. (2020). Repairing the evil: Staging puppet Antigone at Auckland Prison. In T. Prentki & A. Breed (Eds.), The Routledge companion to applied performance: Volume one—­ Mainland Europe, North and Latin America, Southern

Africa, and Australia and New Zealand (1st ed., pp. 32–­42).

Higgins, L. (2021). Exploring the relationship between education and rehabilitation in the prison context. Journal of Prison Education and Reentry, 7(2), 122–­135. https://doi.org/10.25771/mcrw-yw06

Ioannidou, M. (2024). Towards a transformative social, artistic engagement in education under the perspective of critical pedagogy. In V. Pavlou (Ed.), Critical Arts Education for Sustainable Societies: A Handbook for Arts Educators (pp. 39–­47).

Jesima B. M. & Shobana, S. (2024). The role of art education in holistic development. Shanlax: International Journal of English, 13(S1), 51–­ 55. https://doi.org/10.34293/english.v13iS1-Dec.8520

Karaolis, O. (2023). Being with a puppet: Literacy through experiencing puppetry and drama with young children. Education Sciences, 13(3), 291.

Kondoyianni, A., Lenakakis, A. & Tsiotsos, N. (2013). Intercultural and lifelong learning based on educational drama. Propositions for multidimensional research projects. Scenario, (2), 27–­47.

Krueger, R. A. (1988). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Sage.

Lenakakis, A., & Partsakoulaki, V. (2025). Puppet theatre and creativity enhancement in preschoolers. NJ: Drama Australia Journal, 48(1), 1–­20.

Li, E. (2022). Rehabilitation in a risk society: The case of China. In M. Vanstone & P. Priestley (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of global rehabilitation in criminal justice (pp. 89–106). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14375-5_6

Littman, D. M., & Sliva, S. M. (2021). The walls came down: A mixed-­methods multi-site prison arts program evaluation. Justice Evaluation Journal, 4(2), 237–­ 259. https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2020.1853484

Magos, K. (2018). The neighbor’s folktales. Developing intercultural competence through folktales and stories. Bookbird: A journal of International Children’s Literature, 56(2), 28–35.

McNeill, F., & Weaver, B. (2010). Changing lives? Desistance research and offender management. https://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Report_2010_03_-_Changing_Lives.pdf

Minoia, V. (2019). Educating in prison through theater and literature: Examples from Italy and the United States. Journal of Theories and Research in Education, 14(3), 185–­ 201. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1970-2221/9885

Moreno, R., Guthrie, K. H., & Strickland, K. (2023). Incorporating arts-­based pedagogy: Moving beyond traditional approaches to teaching qualitative research. Teaching & Learning Inquiry the ISSOTL Journal, 11, 1–­ 18. https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.11.15

Mundt, A. P., Marín, P., Gabrysch, C., Sepúlveda, C., Roumeau, J., & Heritage, P. (2019). Initiating change of people with criminal justice involvement through participation in a drama project: An exploratory study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, Article 716. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00716

Najah, A. F., Kristaningtyas, N. A., Arsalan, R. N., & Ar-ramli Lubis, S. H. (2025). Challenge and recommendation of inclusive education in the juvenile prison at Juvenile Rehabilitation Center (LPKA) Class II Yogyakarta. Asian Review of Lifelong Learning, 9(1), 160–­174. https://doi.org/10.46799/arl.v9i1.2587

Page, S., Chamberlain, V., & Gratton, N. (2022). Performing well: Male prisoner experiences of drama, dance, singing and puppetry in England. Incarceration: An International Journal of Imprisonment, Detention and Coercive Confinement, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/26326663221106162

Pandis, E., & Dima, A. (2023). Strengthening parental identity of incarcerated fathers through innovative practices of drama in education. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X231206519

Parsloe, S. M., Leon, J. D., Allen, L., & Juncewski, S. (2024). The power of puppetry as an arts-­based tool for health and disability communication research. Health Communication, 1– 12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2024.2421617

Potelwa, S., & Adu, E. O. (2025). Creative art education: A tool for rehabilitation of adult females incarcerated in a correctional centre in South Africa. The Independent Journal of Teaching and Learning, 15(2), 160–­174. https://doi.org/10.17159/9jvkyv97

Rangel Torrijo, H., & De Maeyer, M. (2019). Education in prison: A basic right and an essential tool. International Review of Education, 65(5), 671–­685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-019-09809-x

Romero-­Carazas, R., Del Carpio-­Delgado, F., Espinoza-­Casco, R. J., Bernedo-Moreira, D. H., Morales-­García, W. C., Rodríguez-­Asto, R. A. A., & Quiñones-­Ormeño, L. K. (2025). Prison education in the resocialization of incarcerated individuals. Frontiers in Education, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1592692

Rubin, H. H. (2025). Collaborative leadership: Developing effective partnerships for communities and schools (2nd ed). Corwin.

Segal, U. A., Davenport, F., Marshall, R., & Romano, D. D. (2024). Puppetry to educate social work practitioners: Telling the refugee story. Journal of Social Work, 24(4), 461–­ 487. https://doi.org/10.1177/14680173231225422

Şenel, M., & Döş, B. (2024). Exploring the integration of artful thinking as an innovative approach to foster critical thinking skills. International Journal of Modern Education Studies, 8(1), 24–­ 48. https://doi.org/10.51383/ijonmes.2024.361

Sextou, P. (2016). Theatre for children in hospital: The gift of compassion. Intellect.

Shin, S., & Miller, S. (2022). A review of the participant observation method in journalism: Designing and reporting. Review of Communication Research, 10, 114–­145.

Simpson, E., Morgan, C., & Caulfield, L. S. (2019). From the outside in: Narratives of creative arts practitioners working in the criminal justice system. The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice, 58(3), 384–­ 403. https://doi.org/10.1111/hojo.12318

Skues, J., Pfeifer, J., Oliva, A., & Wise, L. (2019). Responding to the needs of prisoners with learning difficulties in Australia. International Journal of Bias, Identity and Diversities in Education, 4(1), 113–­121. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJBIDE.2019010108

Smith, M. (2022). Applied puppetry. Principles and practices. In L. Kroflin & M. Amsden (Eds.), Applied puppetry in education, development, and therapy: Theory and practice (pp. 13–28).

Stringer, E. T. (2014). Action research (4th ed.). Sage.

Tallent, J., Phillips, J., & Coren, E. (2022). PROTOCOL: Arts-­based interventions for offenders in secure criminal justice settings to improve rehabilitation outcomes: An evidence and gap map. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 18(3), e1255.

https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1255

Thomas, S., & Glazzard, J. (2025). Prison categorization policy in the United Kingdom. Frontiers in Sociology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2025.1465599

Tsaplina, M., & Astles, C. (2020). Puppetry. In P. Crawford, B. Brown & A. Charise (Eds), The Routledge Companion to Health Humanities (pp. 296–­ 301).

Ugelvik, T. (2014). Power and resistance in prison: Doing time, doing freedom.

Vitsou, M., & Magos, K. (2023). Fostering inmates’ self-­identity and communication via drama in education and puppetry. An action research study at the Volos Youth Detention Centre. Education & Theatre, (24), 20–­ 31. https://doi.org/10.12681/edth.36298

Woodland, S. (2021). Prison theatre and an embodied aesthetics of liberation: Exploring the potentials and limits. Humanities, 10(3), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/h10030101

Zimmerman, M. A. (2000). Empowerment theory: Psychological, organizational, and community levels of analysis. In J. Rappaport & E. Seidman (Eds.), Handbook of Community Psychology (pp. 43–­ 63). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4193-6_2

Downloads

Published

2026-05-20

How to Cite

Dima, A., & Stratou, E. (2026). Puppetry in Prison: An Innovative Creative Approach to Correctional Education. International Journal for Creativity Inside, 1(1), 48–65. https://doi.org/10.33009/fsop_ijci140357

Issue

Section

Articles